2018中英城市更新及存量改造白皮书.pdf

作为中国首个聚焦地产与地产金融领域的行业联盟，国际金融地产联盟（IFFRE）致力于打造全球金融地产交流对话的中国舞台，并推进国内实践接轨国际标准。联盟会员均为来自地产与地产金融行业的专业人士，汇聚了中国金融地产全产业链的中坚力量。联盟本着专注、专业、创新、诚信、共赢的精神，整合国内外行业顶尖资源，联合各大国际权威专业协会，成为中国金融地产标准化的领航者。As the first professional federation in China focusing on real estate and real estate finance sector, International Federation of Finance & Real Estate (IFFRE) is committed to forging a platform for international communication and cooperation, and facilitating adoption of international standards. All members of the Federation are professionals within real estate and real estate finance sector. With spirits of professionalism, innovation, integrity and win-win, IFFRE leads standardization of finance and real estate in China by integrating top class resources including internationally recognized professional associations. 关于国际金融地产联盟（IFFRE）About International Federation of Finance & Real Estate (IFFRE)综观世界城市发展历史，在经历了增量发展为主的阶段后，城市往往进入以存量空间资源为载体的发展阶段。在新的发展模式中，城市建成区中不再适应时代变迁与经济发展、不再满足人民生活需要的片区或物业被有计划、有意识地治理、提升与重塑，这一过程即城市更新。在学术界，城市更新也被定义为“一整套旨在解决城市问题及持续优化城市经济、社会与环境状况的理论与实践” (Roberts, 2000, 17)。城市更新既包括硬件的更新，即对建筑物的替换或改造；亦含有对软件的提升，即通过对空间功能和内容的更替及对生态、文化等环境的延续与改造，实现社会功能结构、城市历史文化、市民精神情感等软件的延伸与更新。城市更新的进程对众多城市景观的形成产生了深远的影响，在世界范围内的城市发展与人口变迁历史中也扮演了重要角色。城市更新的概念始于 19 世纪的英国，是彼时急速工业化的城市针对拥挤脏乱的贫民窟问题所采取的应对措施。自此，城市更新进程对英国城市面貌的改观发挥了重大作用。伦敦码头区便是一个突出的案例：通过西欧最大的城市更新工程，这片曾经破败的区域被改造成为了伦敦乃至全世界最令人追捧的商业办公区。另一个在世界范围内被广泛提及的城市更新案例是坐落于伦敦前南岸区发电厂的泰特现代美术馆：通过一系列更新改造，这座建筑已经成为世界上最大的当代艺术博物馆之一。毫无疑问，一系列成功的城市更新项目使得英国的众多城市重新焕发了活动，并越来越繁荣而富有竞争力。相较英国而言，中国的城市更新实践起步较晚。在经过 30 年的快速城市化之后 , 中国也开始面临城市更新与产业升级的迫切需求。当前城市更新和存量改造已成为国内社会各界的热议话题。各主要城市的地方政府都在积极尝试通过可持续的城市更新推动下一阶段的城市经济发展。我们相信英国在城市更新领域的丰富经验对我们具有重要的学习和借鉴意义。作为中国首个聚焦地产与地产金融领域的行业联盟，国际金融地产联盟（IFFRE）致力于打造全球金融地产交流对话的中国舞台，并推进国内实践接轨国际标准。为推动中国学习外部优秀实践与成功经验，国际金融地产联盟协同仲量联行、第一太平戴维斯、大成、阿特金斯、德勤、乾立基金等国内外知名专业机构著成本部《2018 中英城市更新及存量改造白皮书》。该书从发展历史、政策法规、规划设计、税收制度等多个维度，对中英两国的城市更新及存量改造的相关理论与实践进行了系统性阐述。我们衷心地希望您与本书的各家著作机构交换意见，并能从本书获益。我们也期待更多的中国企业家学习、借鉴英国成功的城市更新经验与案例，发现中国城市更新及存量改造的巨大潜力，推动中国城市更新事业进一步发展。在此特别感谢仲量联行、第一太平戴维斯、大成、阿特金斯、德勤、乾立基金为本书的完稿提供的大力支持。本书的完成同样得到了来自英国国际贸易部的有力协助，在此向他们致以诚挚谢意。The history of urban development has seen a trend towards redevelopment and renewal of existing urban areas after the phase of urban expansion. In the new phase, urban areas and existing properties which are no longer fit for people’s living, economic development and social trends are deliberately improved and restructured. Such process—“urban regeneration” —has been described by some scholars as “a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental condition of an area that has been subject to change” (Roberts, 2000, 17). Urban regeneration includes reconstruction and improvement of real properties as well as inheritance of the biological environment, social structure, history and culture, and resident emotion. The process has had a major impact on many urban landscapes and played an important role in the history and demographics of cities around the world.The concept of urban renewal emerged in England as a reaction to the increasingly cramped and unsanitary conditions of the urban poor in the rapidly industrializing cities of the 19th century. Since then the process of urban renewal has played a vital role in the improvement of urban landscape in the UK. A striking example of this is London Docklands, which has been turned into London’s, and the world’s, most sought after office and retail space from a once derelict area through the largest urban regeneration project in Western Europe. Tate Modern, housed in the former Bankside Power Station in London, is also one of the most frequently cited examples internationally of urban regeneration. It has become one of the largest museums of modern and contemporary art in the world after development. There is no doubt that many Britain’s cities have been revitalized through a series of successful urban regeneration schemes and are becoming more prosperous, competitive and attractive. Compared to UK, China’s urban regeneration practice started relatively late. After over 30 years of rapid urbanization, China’s cities are facing an urgent need for urban and industrial regeneration. “Urban regeneration and renewal” has become a hot topic across the country. Local governments in major cities are trying to stimulate the next stages of urban economic growth through sustainable urban regeneration projects. We believe that UK's rich experience of urban regeneration will be a great help of learning and reference.As the first professional federation in China focusing on real estate and real estate finance sectors, International Federation of Finance & Real Estate (IFFRE) is committed to forging a platform for international communication and cooperation, and facilitating adoption of internationally recognized standards. In order to inspire China to learn from successful international experiences of ur...