managing research, development, and innovationT H I R D E D I T I O N Managing the UnmanageableRAVI K. JAIN • HARRY C. TRIANDISCYNTHIA W. WEICKMANAGING RESEARCH,DEVELOPMENT,AND INNOVATIONMANAGING RESEARCH,DEVELOPMENT,AND INNOVATIONManaging the UnmanageableThird EditionRAVI K. JAINDean School of Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of the Pacific Stockton, CaliforniaHARRY C. TRIANDISEmeritus Professor of Psychology and Labor & Industrial RelationsUniversity of Illinois Urbana, IllinoisCYNTHIA WAGNER WEICKProfessor of ManagementUniversity of the Pacific Stockton, CaliforniaJOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.This book is printed on acid-free paper.Copyright © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 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Triandis, Harry Charalambos, 1926- II. Weick, CynthiaWagner. III. Title.T175.5.J35 2010658.5′7–dc222009045969Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1To Terumi, Avra, Anna, Pola, Louisa, and BrianFor the inspiration and support they provided.CONTENTSPrefacexiii1R&D Organizations and Research Categories11.1How Information can be Used, 21.2A Perspective on R&D Management, 51.3What is Research and Development?, 61.4Research Categories, 81.5What to Research, 101.6Emphasis on Basic Versus Applied Research, 161.7What is Unique About Managing R&D Organizations?, 171.8Summary, 191.9Questions for Class Discussion, 192Elements Needed for an R&D Organization202.1People, 202.2Specialization, 222.3Staffing, 232.4Ideas, 242.5Defects in Human Information Processing, 282.6Fads in Science, 302.7Communication Networks, 312.8The Innovation Process, 34viiviiiCONTENTS2.9Funds, 342.10A Culture for R&D Organizations, 362.11Not-Invented-Here Syndrome, 382.12Fit of Person and Job, 402.13Creative Tensions: Managing Antithesis and Ambiguity, 412.14Develop a Climate of Participation, 442.15Summary, 452.16Questions for Class Discussion, 463Creating a Productive and Effective R&D Organization473.1Organization Effectiveness, 473.2Who are the Inventors and Innovators?, 523.3Odd Characteristics of Inventors and Innovators, 583.4Researcher’s Relationship with Management and Peers, 593.5Formation of Teams, 603.6Generating New Ideas, 643.7Emphases on Aspects of Organizational Culture, 683.8Ethos of A Scientific Community, 693.9Summary, 713.10Questions for Class Discussion, 714Job Design and Organizational Effectiveness724.1Job Attributes, 734.2Physical Location and Communication, 744.3Career Paths, 764.4Dual and Triple Hierarchies, 784.5Centralization and Decentralization, 804.6Keeping the Researcher at the Innovation Stage, 814.7Job Design and Conflict, 83...
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