WIPO-2019人工智能技术趋势展望 -2019.3-158页.pdf

WIPOTechnology Trends 2019ArtificialIntelligenceWIPOTechnology Trends 2019ArtificialIntelligenceThe user is allowed to reproduce, distribute, adapt, translate and publicly perform this publication, including for commer-cial purposes, without explicit permission, provided that the content is accompanied by an acknowledgement that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated if changes were made to the original content.Suggested citation: WIPO (2019). WIPO Technology Trends 2019: Artificial Intelligence. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization.Adaptation/translation/derivatives should not carry any official emblem or logo, unless they have been approved and validated by WIPO. Please contact us via the WIPO website to obtain permission. 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The mention of specific companies or products of manu-facturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recom-mended by WIPO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.Photo credit: cover montage created with images by © Margarita Lyr / iStock / Getty Images Plus and © Daria Dombrovskaya / iStock / Getty Images PlusPrinted in Switzerland© WIPO, 2019First published 2019World Intellectual Property Organization 34, chemin des Colombettes, P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20, SwitzerlandISBN: 978-92-805-3007-0Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)Artificial intelligence is a new digital frontier that will have a profound impact on the world, transforming the way we live and work.WIPO Director General, Francis GurryPreface7 Foreword8 About the contributors10 Acknowl- edgments12 Executive summary13 1 Introduction The past, present and future of AI: what research and innovation trends can reveal; the data used in this report and how it is analyzed; and a scheme for categorizing AI technologies.182 Trends in artificial intelligence Overall trends emerging from the data and analysis of changes over time, by region and industry and the most prominent entities.303 Evolution of AI patent applications and scientific publications The historical development of AI innovation: analysis of trends in patents and scientific literature since the emergence of AI, and breakdown by techniques, functional applications and application fields.384 Key players in AI patentingThe top applicants for AI patents: how companies and universities/public research organizations compare, which entities are most active in each area and where they are filing.585 WIPO Technology Trends 20195 Geography of patent filingsComprehensive analysis of geographical trends, based on the offices where patents are filed, including both first and subsequent filings.826 Market trends related to AI Analysis of the use of AI technologies: data on acquisitions, funding, open source and patent litigation and oppositions.1047 Key issues arising from AI and policy responsesViews from AI experts on the key policy and regulatory issues raised by AI applications, plus examples of policies proposed or enacted in various jurisdictions. 1208 The future of AI and the IP systemThe opportunities presented by AI for business, society and culture, and how AI and IP rights interact with each other in the promotion of innovation.138Selected AI categories and terms146 Furtherreading150 This new report aims to shed light on the trends in innovation in AI since the field first developed in the 1950s.WIPO Director General, Francis Gurry7 WIPO Technology Trends 2019PrefaceI am pleased to present the first report in a new flagship series, WIPO Technology Trends. This first edition features artificial intelligence (AI) as the theme. It is a fitting topic for the launch of the series as AI is a cutting-edge technology with impacts on a wide range of businesses and activities.AI is fast becoming part of our everyday lives, changing how we work, shop, travel and interact with each other. Yet we are only at the beginning of discovering the many ways in which AI will have an impact on – and indeed challenge – business, society and culture. There are numerous misconceptions and misgivings about the nature of AI, and in particular the cha...